HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV) – MORPHOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, CLINICAL FEATURES & LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV)

⇒ Type E hepatitis is caused by the Hepatitis E Virus, responsible for the majority of the epidemic and sporadic hepatitis in adults.

⇒ It is also known as the NANB – ‘Nor A Nor B’ virus or E-NANB – the enterically transmitted NANB virus.

⇒ HEV infection often appears as epidemics, also known as Epidemic NANB.

MORPHOLOGY OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV)

⇒ HEV belongs to Hepeviridae

⇒ HEV is a Spherical, non-Enveloped virus.

⇒ Size: 32 – 34 nm in diameter.

⇒ Genetic material – ssRNA surrounded by an icosahedral capsid.

⇒ In morphology & physical characteristics, it resembles Calciviruses such as the Norwalk virus.

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TRANSMISSION ROUTE OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV)

⇒ Ingestion of faecally contaminated drinking water.

⇒ It occurs predominantly in young to middle-aged adults.

⇒ Clinical the disease resembles that of Hepatitis A.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF TYPE E HEPATITIS

⇒ The incubation period ranges 2 – 9 weeks; average 6 weeks.

⇒ Most cases occur in the young to middle-aged adults (15 – 40 years).

⇒ The clinical severity & high case fatality rate of 20 – 40 % in pregnant women.


LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV)

⇒ Feces examination by electron microscopy for calicivirus-like particles.

⇒ Antibody detection by ELISA & Western Blotting Assay.

⇒ Detection of HEV RNA by PCR.

PROPHYLAXIS OF TYPE E HEPATITIS

⇒ Improved sanitation

⇒ Chlorinated water.

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