LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been developed to support patient management and disease control.…

POLIOVIRUS – MORPHOLOGY, RESISTANCE, ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES, CULTIVATION, PATHOGENICITY, CLINICAL FEATURES & LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO POLIOVIRUS Poliovirus is the causative agent of poliomyelitis, an acute infection that affects the…

HEPATITIS G VIRUS (HGV) – MORPHOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES & LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS G VIRUS (HGV) Hepatitis G Virus causes the Type G Hepatitis, HGV was…

HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Histological techniques are the techniques which have been developed for the processing of the specimens, mainly tissues,…

HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV) – MORPHOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, CLINICAL FEATURES & LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV) ⇒ Type E hepatitis is caused by the Hepatitis E…

HEPATITIS D VIRUS (HDV) – MORPHOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, CLINICAL FEATURES & LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS D VIRUS (HDV) ⇒ HDV was identified in 1977 by Rizzetto & colleagues…

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY & CYTOPATHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY & CYTOPATHOLOGY Cells are the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain…

FIXATION – THE TECHNIQUE OF FIXING THE TISSUES

INTRODUCTION TO FIXATION Fixation is a process by which the constituents of the cells and thereby…

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) – MORPHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION, CLINICAL FEATURES & LAB DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ⇒ HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the causative agent…

CLEARING OF TISSUES – THE TECHNIQUE OF MAKING THE TISSUES TRANSPARENT

INTRODUCTION TO CLEARING OF TISSUES After dehydrating the tissues, the alcohol present in them must be removed…

HEPATITIS VIRUSES

INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS VIRUS ⇒ Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation in the…

IMMUNITY

DEFINITION OF IMMUNITY Immunity is the state of resistance exhibited by the host body against any…

MICROTOMY – THE ART OF SECTION CUTTING

MICROTOMY – THE ART OF SECTION CUTTING Microtomy or section cutting is the technique of making…

VIRUSES – INTRODUCTION, MORPHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION & RIVER’s POSTULATES

INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY Virology is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and…

INTRODUCTION & STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA Bacteria are the large group of unicellular microorganisms that are ubiquitous in nature.…

CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES – HOW DO VIRUSES GROW IN LABORATORY?

CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES ⇒ Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasites, i.e. they strictly require a living…

IMPREGNATION AND TISSUE EMBEDDING

INTRODUCTION TO IMPREGNATION AND TISSUE EMBEDDING The tissues, after fixation and dehydration process, are not sufficiently hard to cut into thin…

ANTIGEN – DEFINITION, PROPERTIES, CLASSIFICATION

INTRODUCTION TO ANTIGENS ⇒ An antigen is a substance which when brought parenterally into the body…

ANTIBODIES – DEFINITION, STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS & CLASSIFICATION

DEFINITION OF ANTIBODY An antibody is defined as a humoral protein that is immunoglobulin produced in…

SPECTROPHOTOMETER – PRINCIPLE, COMPONENTS, WORKING & APPLICATIONS

A spectrophotometer is an instrument used to measure absorbance at various wavelengths. It is similar to…